Papers

Preprints

  • Calalo JA., Ngo TT., Sullivan SR., Strand K., Buggeln JH., Lokesh R., Roth AM., Carter MJ., Kurtzer IL., & Cashaback JGA. (2024). Online movements reflect ongoing deliberation. bioR\(\chi\)iv. —

  • de Brouwer AJ., Carter MJ., Smail LC., Wolpert DM., Gallivan JP., & Flanagan JR. (2020). Gaze behaviour reveals flexible encoding of competing reach goals under conditions of target uncertainty. bioR\(\chi\)iv. —

In Press

  • McKay B., Bacelar MFB., Parma JO., Miller MW., & Carter, MJ. The combination of reporting bias and underpowered study designs has substantially exaggerated the motor learning benefits of self-controlled practice and enhanced expectancies: A meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. —

2025

  • St. Germain L., McKay B., Tandon C., Seedu J., Barbera L., Carrillo C., Brown DMY., & Carter, MJ. (2025). Autonomy-supportive instructional language does not enhance skill acquisition compared to controlling instructional language. Psychological Research. —

2024

  • McKay B., Corson AE., Seedu J., De Faveri CS., Hasan H., Arnold K., Adams FC., & Carter MJ. (2024). Reporting bias, not external focus: A robust Bayesian meta-analysis and systematic review of the external focus of attention literature. Psychological Bulletin. —

  • Roth AM., Buggeln JH., Hoh JE., Wood JM., Sullivan SR., Ngo TT., Calalo JA., Lokesh R., Morton SM., Grill S., Jeka JJ., Carter MJ., & Cashaback JGA. (2024). Roles and interplay of reinforcement-based and error-based processes during reaching and gait in neurotypical adults and individuals with Parkinson’s disease. PLoS Computational Biology. —

  • Roth AM., Lokesh R., Tang J., Buggeln JH., Smith C., Calalo JA., Sullivan SR., Ngo T., St. Germain L., Carter MJ., & Cashaback JGA. (2024). Punishment leads to greater sensorimotor learning but less movement variability compared to reward. Neuroscience. —

2023

  • McKay B., Corson A., Vinh M., Jeyarajan G., Tandon C., Brooks H., Hubley J., & Carter MJ. (2023). Low prevalence of a priori power analyses in motor behavior research. Journal of Motor Learning and Development. —

  • McKay B., Bacelar MFB., & Carter MJ. (2023). On the reproducibility of power analyses in motor behavior research. Journal of Motor Learning and Development. —

  • Lokesh R., Sullivan SR., St. Germain L., Roth AM., Calalo JA., Buggeln J., Ngo T., Marchhart VRF., Carter MJ., & Cashaback JGA. (2023). Visual accuracy dominates over haptic speed for state estimation of a partner during collaborative sensorimotor interactions. Journal of Neurophysiology. —

  • McKay B. & Carter MJ. (2023). A critical re-analysis of six implicit learning papers. Meta-Psychology. —

  • Roth AM., Calalo JA., Lokesh R., Sullivan SR., Grill S., Jeka JJ., van der Kooij K., Carter MJ., & Cashaback JGA. (2023). Reinforcement-based processes actively regulate motor exploration along redundant solution manifolds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. —

  • St. Germain L., McKay B., Poskus A., Williams A., Leshchyshen O., Feldman S., Cashaback JGA., & Carter MJ. (2023). Exercising choice over feedback schedules during practice is not advantageous for motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. —

2022

Note. Parental leave May 2022 to Dec 2022

  • McKay B., Yantha ZD., Hussein J., Carter MJ., Ste-Marie DM. (2022). Meta-analytic findings of the self-controlled motor learning literature: Underpowered, biased, and lacking evidential value. Meta-Psychology. —

  • Lokesh R., Sullivan S., Calalo JA., Roth A., Swanik B., Carter MJ., & Cashaback JGA. (2022). Humans utilize sensory evidence of others’ intended action to make online decisions. Scientific Reports. —

  • St. Germain L., Williams A., Balbaa N., Poskus A., Leshchyshen O., Lohse KR., & Carter MJ. (2022). Increased perceptions of autonomy through choice fail to enhance motor skill retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. —

2021

Note. Parental leave January 2021 to August 2021

  • McKay B., Hussien J., Carter MJ., Yantha ZD., & Ste-Marie DM. (2021). Expecting to teach a novel golf putting task did not enhance retention performance: A replication attempt of Daou and colleagues. Communications in Kinesiology. —

2020

Note. Lab shutdown from COVID-19 pandemic

2019

  • Ste-Marie DM., Carter MJ., & Yantha ZD. (2019). Self-controlled learning: Current findings, theoretical perspectives, and future directions. In N.J. Hodges & A.M. Williams (Eds.), Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, theory, and practice (3rd ed.). Routledge. —

  • Barros JAC., Yantha ZD., Carter MJ., Hussien J., & Ste-Marie DM. (2019). Examining the impact of error estimation on the effects of self-controlled feedback. Human Movement Science. —

2018

  • Carter MJ., Smith V., Carlsen AN., & Ste-Marie DM. (2018). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex does not enhance the learning benefits of self-controlled feedback schedules. Psychological Research. —

2017

  • Carter MJ., & Ste-Marie DM. (2017). Not all choices are created equal: Task-relevant choices enhance motor learning compared to task-irrelevant choices. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. —

  • Carter MJ., & Ste-Marie DM. (2017). An interpolated activity during the knowledge-of-results delay interval eliminates the learning advantages of self-controlled feedback schedules. Psychological Research. —

  • Carter MJ., & Maslovat D., & Carlsen AN. (2017). Intentional switches between coordination patterns are faster following anodal-tDCS applied over the supplementary motor area. Brain Stimulation. —

  • Maslovat D., Carter MJ., & Carlsen AN. (2017). Response preparation and execution during intentional bimanual pattern switching. Journal of Neurophysiology. —

2016

  • Carter MJ., Smith V., & Ste-Marie DM. (2016). Judgments of learning are significantly higher following feedback on relatively good versus relatively poor trials despite no actual learning differences. Human Movement Science. —

  • Carter MJ., Rathwell S., & Ste-Marie DM. (2016). Motor skill retention is modulated by strategy choice during self-controlled knowledge of results schedules. Journal of Motor Learning and Development. —

  • Martini R., Carter MJ., Yoxon E., Cumming J., & Ste-Marie DM. (2016). Development and validation of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children (MIQ-C). Psychology of Sport and Exercise. —

  • Patterson JT., Hart A., Hansen S., Carter MJ., & Ditor D. (2016). Measuring investment in learning: Can electrocardiogram provide an indication of cognitive effort during learning?. Perceptual and Motor Skills. —

  • Ste-Marie DM., Carter MJ., Law B., Vertes K., & Smith V. (2016). Self-controlled learning benefits: exploring contributions of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation via path analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences. —

2015

  • Carter MJ., Maslovat D., & Carlsen AN. (2015). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the supplementary motor area delays spontaneous antiphase-to-in-phase transitions. Journal of Neurophysiology. —

  • Maslovat D., Drummond NM., Carter MJ., & Carlsen AN. (2015). Reduced motor preparation during dual-task performance: Evidence from startle. Experimental Brain Research. —

  • Maslovat D., Drummond NM., Carter MJ., & Carlsen AN. (2015). Startle activation is additive with voluntary cortical activation irrespective of stimulus modality. Neuroscience Letters. —

2014

  • Carter MJ., Carlsen AN., & Ste-Marie DM. (2014). Self-controlled feedback is effective if it is based on the learner’s performance: a replication and extension of Chiviacowsky and Wulf (2005). Frontiers in Psychology. —

  • Maslovat D., Carter MJ., Kennefick M., & Carlsen AN. (2014). Startle neural activity is additive with normal cortical initiation-related activation. Neuroscience Letters. —

2013

  • Bajema MC., MacKinnon CD., Carter MJ., Kennefick M., Perlmutter S., & Carlsen AN. (2013). Pause time alters the preparation of two-component movements. Experimental Brain Research. —

  • Patterson JT., Carter MJ., & Hansen S. (2013). Self-controlled KR schedules: Does repetition order matter?. Human Movement Science. —

2012

  • Carter MJ. & Patterson JT. (2012). Self-controlled knowledge of results: Age-related differences in motor learning, strategies, and error detection. Human Movement Science. —

2011

  • Patterson JT., Carter MJ., & Sanli E. (2011). Decreasing the proportion of self-control trials during the acquisition period does not compromise the learning advantages in a self-controlled context. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. —

2010

  • Patterson JT. & Carter MJ. (2010). Learner regulated knowledge of results during the acquisition of multiple timing goals. Human Movement Science. —